Knowledge Base
Every question BART has answered, pinned up and indexed by topic.
Civil Law
A deed's operative clause conveys the grantor's 'entire interest,' while a separately attached...
Summary The inventory will ordinarily be treated as incorporated into and operative upon the deed if the deed identifies it as an attached schedule, especially because both parties initialed it. In that case, “the grantor’s entire…
Read full case brief → Civil LawA creditor assigns part of a peso debt by written instrument, but neither the instrument nor the...
Legal Analysis: Partial Assignment of a Peso Debt Under the Civil Code I. Legal Issue Whether a partial assignment of a peso debt, made by written instrument but with no specific portion stated in the instrument or in the debtor's consent…
Read full case brief → Civil LawDonor X, a widower with no children, donated a 10-hectate agricultural land to Y, his nephew who...
Legal Opinion: Donation Inter Vivos with Reserved Usufruct vs. Claim of Legitime by Collateral Heir I. Summary
Read full case brief →Commercial Law
A corporate director purchases a supplier's property at a substantial discount, fully discloses...
Summary Assuming the property was acquired at the corporation’s expense or constituted a corporate opportunity taken by the director, the substantial discount creates a material conflicting-interest transaction under Section 35 of the…
Read full case brief → Commercial LawCelso was hired by Onyx Pharma Company (Onyx) as a rider primarily tasked with picking up items...
Analysis: Was the Labor Arbiter Correct in Dismissing Celso's Illegal Dismissal Case? Summary
Read full case brief → Commercial LawUno Service Providers, Inc. (Uno) is a registered service provider under Department Order No....
Pharmacare's Liability for Uno's Workers' Retirement Benefits Summary of the Issue
Read full case brief → Commercial LawKumar, an Indian national, wanted to purchase a condominium unit and a parking slot at Quattro...
Legal Analysis: Validity of the Sale and the Rural Bank's Refusal to Surrender Titles ---
Read full case brief → Commercial LawThe corporate secretary of Super Solutions Corp. circulated the Minutes of the Special Meeting...
Legal Analysis: Validity of Electronic Signature on Corporate Minutes Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Commercial LawDynamite Communications, Inc. (Dynamite) sells mobile phone applications. Its website also...
Legal Analysis: Whether Dynamite's "Pre-Listening Function" Constitutes Public Performance Summary
Read full case brief →Constitutional Law
Congress gives an independent commission head a seven-year fixed term and permits the President...
Summary Yes. Under the stated facts, the President must comply with the “proven official misconduct” standard and with the removal procedure prescribed by law. A policy disagreement or desired policy change is not, by itself, official…
Read full case brief → Constitutional LawA media group filed a petition to compel the Pampanga Sugar Development Corporation (PASUDECO),...
Right to Information vis-à-vis Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations: The PASUDECO Disclosure Case I. Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Constitutional LawRamon, a public official, obtained a confidential bank statement of his political rival Pedro...
Legal Analysis: Writ of Habeas Data under Philippine Law I. Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Constitutional LawWithout prior Senate concurrence, the President entered into a Joint Exploration Agreement (JEA)...
Legal Analysis: Validity of the Joint Exploration Agreement (JEA) Without Senate Concurrence Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief →Criminal Law
A procurement officer accepts money from the sole bidder with the promise to 'make the award...
Legal Analysis: Bribery Liability of a Procurement Officer I. Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Criminal LawA, a security guard employed by a private warehouse complex, shot and killed B whom A suspected...
Legal Analysis: Defense of Property as a Justifying Circumstance Under Philippine Criminal Law Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief →Labor Law
An employee is hired under a six-month probationary contract. During month five, the employer...
Legal issue The six-month extension is facially permissible, but the termination is compliant only if it occurred while the extended probationary status remained legally valid and the stated company-policy reason falls within Article 294…
Read full case brief → Labor LawMaria worked as a sales agent for XYZ Corporation for eleven years under five successive...
Case Analysis: Maria v. XYZ Corporation (Successive Fixed-Term Contracts) I. Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief →Legal & Judicial Ethics
Before service, a judge privately reviews exculpatory witness statements and sends an ex parte...
Legal Analysis: Judicial Ex Parte Communication and Pre-Service Conduct Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Legal & Judicial EthicsA foreign ambassador was charged with a crime allegedly committed while assigned in the...
Legal Issue: Criminal Prosecution of a Foreign Ambassador in the Philippines Summary
Read full case brief →Remedial Law
A party files a Rule 45 petition for certiorari against a final and executable RTC judgment,...
Legal Analysis: Rule 45 Certiorari Against a Final and Executory RTC Judgment I. Summary of the Legal Issue
Read full case brief → Remedial LawThe Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Isabela issued a Resolution authorizing its Governor to enter...
Legal Opinion: Forum Shopping and Litis Pendentia in the Isabela JVA Dispute Summary of the Legal Issue
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